2025-04-08
Xunzi (《荀子》) 1. Basic Information Author: Xun Kuang (Xunzi, c. 313–238 BCE) Period: Late Warring States period (China) School: Confucianism (with Legalist influences) Text: 32 chapters (essays on philosophy, politics, […]
The pre-Qin period witnessed an unprecedented intellectual flourishing, with seminal thinkers establishing China’s philosophical foundations. Confucius (551-479 BCE) systematized ethical governance through the Analects, while Laozi’s Dao De Jing articulated cosmic harmony through wuwei. Mozi promoted universal love (jian’ai), and Han Feizi perfected Legalist statecraft. Their competing doctrines – from Mencius’ innate goodness to Xunzi’s ritual education – formed the “Hundred Schools” that continue shaping Eastern thought.
2025-04-08
Title: Mencius (《孟子》) 1. Basic Information Author: Meng Ke (Mencius), with contributions by his disciples. Period: Warring States Period (c. 372–289 BCE). Status: One of the “Four Books” (四书) in Confucianism. […]
2025-04-08
The Analects (《论语》, Lúnyǔ) is an ancient Chinese classic recording the teachings and dialogues of Confucius (孔子, 551–479 BCE) and his disciples. Compiled during the early Warring […]