2025-04-01
1. Bian Que (扁鹊, c. 5th Century BCE) Core Philosophy Four Diagnostic Methods (四诊法): Inspection, Auscultation, Inquiry, Palpation Preventive Medicine (治未病): “Treat disease before it arises” […]
The Pre-Qin era (c. 1046-221 BCE) birthed China’s foundational philosophies. Confucius shaped moral governance, Laozi revealed Daoist harmony, Mozi advocated universal love, while Legalists like Han Fei emphasized statecraft. Their competing visions – from ritual propriety to wuwei (non-action) – created the “Hundred Schools of Thought” that continue influencing Asian civilization today.
2025-04-01
1. Sun Tzu (孙子, c. 544–496 BCE) Core Philosophy “Know Yourself & Enemy” (知己知彼): Foundational principle in The Art of War Adaptive Strategy (因敌制胜): Flexibility over rigid […]
2025-04-01
1. Representative Figures Unnamed Chroniclers (姓名失传) Role: Collected folk tales & unofficial histories Works: Lost texts referenced in Han Shu (Book of Han) 2. Core Philosophy Concept Description Contrast […]
2025-04-01
1. Xu Xing (许行, c. 4th–3rd Century BCE) Core Philosophy Equal Labor (君臣并耕): Rulers should farm alongside commoners Anti-Market (市贾不贰): Fixed grain pricing to prevent exploitation […]