1. Bian Que (扁鹊, c. 5th Century BCE)

• Core Philosophy
  • Four Diagnostic Methods (四诊法): Inspection, Auscultation, Inquiry, Palpation
  • Preventive Medicine (治未病): “Treat disease before it arises” (Huangdi Neijing)
  • Individualized Treatment (辨证论治): Tailored therapies based on patient constitution
• Key Contributions
  • Established pulse diagnosis as core clinical practice
  • Legendary surgical skills (anesthesia use alleged in Records of the Grand Historian)
• Modern Recognition
  • Considered China’s first documented physician
  • Principles foundational to Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM)

2. Key Medical Texts

In fact, as a representative of the School of Medicine, Fan Yu’s theories were also influenced by Daoism and Yin-Yangism.